مجله مطالعات علوم پزشکی
سال سی و دوم شماره 4 (تیر 1400)

The natural compounds have received more attention due to their lower side effects and better biodegradation compared to antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial and antioxidant effects of leaf and skin essential oil of Citrus Grandis on some human pathogenic bacteria.

The leaf and skin of Citrus Grandis were collected under the supervision of Citrus Research Center experts from the northern province of Iran (Ramsar, Mazandaran). Essential oil extraction was performed by a Clevenger apparatus. In this empirical study, antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration were determined by agar well diffusion and microdilution broth, respectively. Also, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl reagent was used for the antiradical activity according to free radical inhibition percentage.

The leaf essential oil showed the highest inhibitory effect on Bacillus cereus (32.5 ± 0.5 mm). The leaf essential oil of Citrus Grandis showed a better inhibitory effect compared to the skin essential oil. Minimum inhibitory concentration of leaf essential oil on Bacillus cereus of 0.62 µg mL- and minimum inhibitory concentration of skin essential oil on Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus and Pseudomonas aureus bacteria of 0.62 µg mL- were obtained. Free radical scavenging increased by increasing the essential oil concentration. The essential oil of leaf showed the highest IC 50 value.

Based on the findings, essential oil of Citrus Grandis demonstrated strong antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Citrus Grandis essential oil compounds can be processed for antibiotic production and synthesis of antimicrobial drugs in medical and pharmaceutical sector.

Genu varus is one of the most common lower limb complications that affect a personchr('39')s performance during daily activities and sports. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using knee braces on the frequency content of lower limb muscles in people with genu varus while running.

The present study was quasi-experimental. 30 male students with genu varus (20-30 years) were randomly divided into control and intervention groups. Knee brace was used for 8 weeks in the experimental group. The subjects used a knee brace in most of their daily activities. Electrical activity of selected muscles was recorded by electromyography system. For statistical analysis, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used at a significance level of 0.05.

The results of the present study showed that the electrical activity of the biceps muscle showed a significant decrease during stance phase by -67.63% at post-test compared to the pre-test (p = 0.026). Also, the electrical activity of the biceps muscle during stance at the post-test compared to the pre-test showed a significant decrease by 21.09% (p = 0.036). The electrical activity of other muscles in the intervention group did not show any significant difference during the post-test compared to the pre-test (p <0.05).

Due to the decrease in the frequency of medial gastrocnemius and biceps femoris muscles, it can be stated that long-term use of the brace can improve running mechanics.

Diabetes mellitus is a set of metabolic disorders caused by a set of factors that impair insulin synthesis or reduce sensitivity to it. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of intraoral lesions in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

In this descriptive study, patients referred to the internal ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital, and Alborz Dental Clinic in Urmia in 2020 were selected. Patients with controlled diabetes and HbA1C less than 7.5 and FBS less than 150 were included in the study. These patients were first asked about their history of diabetes, and their medication regimen by a final year dental student and oral and maxillofacial medicine specialist. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and SPSS 16.0 software.

Of 369 patients, 62.1% were male and 37.9% with a mean age of 50.4 years participated. Chi-square test showed that there was a significant difference between dry mouth and inflammation of the labia in women and men (001/0 > p). But there is no significant difference between dry mouth in subjects with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes (p <0.05).

Due to the higher prevalence of oral inflammation and candidiasis in patients with type 2 diabetes, it is possible to link the pathophysiology of the disease with the prevalence of these manifestations. In other words patients with type 2 diabetes are among the high-risk groups with these lesions.

Chronic kidney disease is commonly seen with reduced calcium and low-energy fractures. In this study, we investigated the relationship between estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) and low-energy hip fractures.

This cross-sectional study was performed on patients with renal insufficiency who were referred to Alzahra and Kashani hospitals with a diagnosis of hip fracture in 2016 and 2017. Cr level was extracted from the patient file and the relationship between eGFR and other variables was investigated.

Of the studied patients, 203 (48.6%) had eGFR below 60 and 215 (51.4%) had eGFR above 60. Female patients with e-GFR below 60 were more common, underlying diseases of diabetes and hypertension were significantly higher in e-GFR below 60, and mean age and creatinine levels in e-GFR below 60 were significantly higher than eGFR above 60. The mean hemoglobin level in subjects with eGFR below 60 was significantly lower than those with eGFR above 60 (p <0.05). Mortality was significantly higher in subjects with eGFR below 60 than in those with eGFR above 60. There was no significant relationship between eGFR and type of fracture and ischemia (p> 0.05).

Management in the prevention of hip fracture and treatment of patients with renal failure can be effective in the treatment of fracture and reducing its mortality.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) (MIM # 126200) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that is recognized as the most common cause of non-traumatic neurological disability in young adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between rs9828628 (FOXP1 gene), rs6881706 (IL7R gene), rs9967792 (STAT4 gene) with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS).

The case-control study included 129 cases with RRMS and 200 healthy individuals. ARMS-PCR technique was performed for genotyping rs9828628, rs6881706, rs9967792. Chi-square, Fisherchr('39')s exact test, and allelic and genotypic regression analysis were used to investigate the association of these polymorphisms with RRMS.

Considering the total population studied a significant association was observed between rs6881706 and RRMS with OR = 2.522 and 95% CI = 1.336 – 4.759 and p-value = 0.004. The association of this polymorphism with RRMS did not change after using Bonferroni correction (p =0.0169). No association was observed between rs9828628 and rs9967792 with RRMS.

The current study replicated three polymorphisms of GWAS susceptibility SNPs in the Northwest of Iran. There was a significant association between rs6881706 and RRMS, while no association was observed between rs9967792, rs9828629, and RRMS.
 The importance of validated polymorphisms is essential to understand the signaling pathways in RRMS and to use them as a genetic biomarker in diagnosing and screening the disease and establishing a new drug target.

Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and Sarcolipin (SLN) are regulator proteins in non-shivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle (SM), respectively. This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of long-term feeding of a high-fat diet and regular aerobic training on its gene expression in mice.

28 mice were assigned into four groups including; 1) control (n=7), 2) High Fat Diet (HFD), 3) Aerobic Training (AT) (n=7), and 4) High Fat Diet- Aerobic Training (HFD-AT) (n=7). The subjects of the HFD group were fed with a high-fat diet (fat= 45%) for 12 weeks. The mice of AT group underwent aerobic training on a treadmill for six weeks. HFD-AT group underwent the aerobic training in addition to a high fat diet. The Real-Time–PCR method was used to measure the gene expression of UCP1 and SLN.

Data showed that the aerobic training did not significantly affect the expressions of UCP1 and SLN (p=0.17; p=0.87). However, a high-fat diet caused an increase (approximately three-fold) in the expression of UCP1 and SLN (p=0.0006; p=0.009). Basically, the aerobic training prevented the HFD-induced increase of UCP1 and SLN (p=0.29; p=0.49).

These results indicated that regular aerobic training could limit the increasing effect of the high-fat diet on thermogenic factors, i.e., UCP1 and SLN. Based on this, it seems that aerobic training could modulate diet-induced thermogenesis by these regulating mechanisms.

Using magnesium sulfate might prevent the seizure, it could lead to poisoning in the patient. The present study aims at evaluating the side effects of maternal magnesium sulfate consumption in pre-eclampsia on term and late-preterm neonates.

This is a retrospective descriptive analytical study. One hundred term (group 1) and 100 late-preterm neonates (group 2) that were born in Shahid Motahari hospital of Urmia University of Medical Sciences from mothers with pre-eclampsia who had received magnesium sulfate, and as the control group, 100 neonates from mothers with pre-eclampsia who had not received magnesium sulfate (group 3) entered the study with easy and available sampling. 

The mean duration of sulfate uptake in the first group was 8.96±9.80 days and in the second group was 27.66±15.23 days and this difference was significant (p = 0.035). In the first group, 94 infants (94%), in the second group, 21 infants (21%), and in the third group, 64 infants (64%) did not need breathing support, which showed a significant difference between the groups (p <0.001). The first and fifth minute Apgar scores were significantly lower in the second group than in the first group and control, but this difference was not significant (p >0.05).

The findings of the present study depicted that magnesium sulfate administered for pre-eclampsia does not lead to neonates’ hypotonia, more admission days in the ward or NICU, and low Apgar scores.

Takayasu arteritis, a so-called pulseless disease, is a very rare disease in young people. The first symptoms appear at the age of 5 to 40 years. Although both sexes may be affected, 80-90% of patients are female. It is a chronic inflammatory arthritis that affects the large arteries. This form of arthritis can be associated with abnormal angiography of the upper aorta and its main branches, which disrupts blood flow to the arteries of the upper extremities. Pregnancy with a history of Takayasu arteritis is considered a high-risk pregnancy and the risk increases depending on the progression of the disease and the extent of vascular damage. The purpose of this article is to report the case of a successful and uncomplicated pregnancy in a patient with Takayasu arteritis. A 36-year-old woman in her third pregnancy with two healthy children, with a gestational age of 38 weeks was referred to us with labor pains. The patient had a 8-year history of Takayasuchr('39')s arteritis. She did not follow-up and received no treatment during her current pregnancy. Her first visit in week 38 was due to the onset of labor pains. Emergency evaluation and procedures were performed. Finally, due to arrest dilatation, an emergency cesarean section was performed. She delivered a healthy boy weighing 4300 g with an Apgar score of 9-10.